What does the prefix "dys-" signify in medical terminology?

The prefix "dys-" is derived from Greek and is commonly used in medical terminology to indicate something that is abnormal, problematic, or difficult. This prefix conveys the idea of dysfunction, which can refer to a wide range of issues, such as a condition where the bodily functions are impaired or a process that is not working as it should. For instance, "dysphagia" refers to difficulty swallowing, highlighting the "bad or difficult" aspect inherent in the prefix.

The other options denote different meanings that do not align with the definitions associated with "dys-." For instance, "normal function" does not reflect the prefix's implications of abnormality, and "excessive or above normal" is contradictory to the term, pointing to an abundance rather than a dysfunction. Similarly, "insufficient" conveys a lack rather than a difficulty or problem related to function, which does not capture the intrinsic meaning attached to "dys-."